Table of Contents Item 1A. Risk Factors We have identified the following risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material may also significantly impair our business operations. Our business could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. See also “Forward-Looking Statements” in the forepart of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Risks Related to our Business, Operations and Our Industry Unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions may adversely affect our industry, business and financial results. Our business depends on the overall demand for our solar energy products and on the economic health and willingness of our customers and potential customers to make capital commitments to purchase our products and services. Macroeconomic or market uncertainty, including increased interest rates and high inflation, or expectations of future interest rate cuts by the U.S. Federal Reserve, may cause, and has caused, customers to delay purchasing our products and services or not purchase at all. In addition, a number of the risks associated with our business, which are disclosed in these risk factors, may increase in likelihood, magnitude or duration, and we may face new risks that we have not yet identified. Unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions can result and have previously resulted in sustained periods of decreased demand. Macroeconomic and market conditions could be adversely affected by a variety of political, economic or other factors in the United States and international markets, which could, in turn, adversely affect spending levels of installers and end users and could create volatility or deteriorating conditions in the markets in which we operate. Macroeconomic uncertainty or weakness could result in: • reduced demand for our products as a result of constraints on capital spending for residential solar energy systems by our customers; • increased price competition for our products that may adversely affect revenue, gross margin and profitability; • decreased ability to forecast operating results and make decisions about budgeting, planning and future investments; • business and financial difficulties faced by our suppliers, distributors or other partners, including impacts to material costs, sales, liquidity levels, ability to continue investing in their businesses, ability to import or export goods, ability to meet development commitments and manufacturing capability; and • increased overhead and production costs as a percentage of revenue. Reductions in customer spending in response to unfavorable or uncertain macroeconomic and market conditions, globally or in a particular region where we operate, would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. If demand for solar energy solutions does not grow or grows at a slower rate than we anticipate, our business will suffer. Our IQ Microinverters, ACM products and IQ Battery storage systems are utilized in solar PV installations, which provide on-site distributed power generation. As a result, our future success depends on continued demand for solar energy solutions and the ability of solar equipment vendors to meet this demand. The solar industry is an evolving industry that has experienced substantial changes in recent years, and we cannot be certain that consumers and businesses will adopt solar PV systems as an alternative energy source at levels sufficient to continue to grow our business. Traditional electricity distribution is based on the regulated industry model under which businesses and consumers obtain their electricity from a government regulated utility. For alternative methods of distributed power to succeed, businesses and consumers must adopt new purchasing practices. The viability and continued growth in demand for solar energy solutions and, in turn, our products, may be impacted by many factors outside of our control, including: • market acceptance of solar PV systems based on our product platform; Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2023 Form 10-K | 17